achieve, acquire, obtain, gain, get, attain, earn表示“取得”

《英语易混词辨析》目 录

1. a, an

2. a[an], one

3. a[an], the

4. abandon, desert, discard, forsake, give up

5. abide, bear, endure, stand, suffer, tolerate, put up with, brook

6. ability, capability, capacity, competence, faculty, genius, talent, power, skill, aptitude

7. able, capable, competent, adequate, qualified

8. abnormal, irregular, unusual, eccentric, unnatural, exceptional, subnormal, aberrant

9. aboard, board

10. abolish, abrogate, annul, countermand, repeal, rescind, revoke, cancel, call off, do away with

11. about, approximately, around, roughly

12. about, around, round

13. about, of, on

14. above, beyond, over, more than

15. above, over, on

16. abroad, overseas

17. absolute, complete, entire, perfect, utter, total, thorough, full

18. absorb, digest, assimilate, suck

19. abstract, attract, contract, distract, extract, protract, retract, subtract, tractor

20. abstract, digest, outline, summary, resume, synopsis, gist

21. absurd, ridiculous, preposterous, ludicrous

22. accelerate, quicken, speed

23. accent, dialect, tone, pronunciation, intonation

24. accept, receive

25. accessory, appendix, attachment, supplement, affiliation

26. accompany, company, see, attend, escort, convoy

27. accomplish, achieve, complete, finish, fulfil(l)

28. accomplishment, achievement, exploit, feat, success

29. accord, agree, coincide, conform, correspond, square, tally

30. accord, agreement, convention, treaty, pact, compact, bargain, contract, understanding

31. according to, in accordance with, in accord with

32. accordingly, consequently, hence, therefore, thus, so

33. accumulate, amass, assemble, collect, gather, congregate, hoard

34. accurate, exact, precise

35. accuse, charge, denounce, blame, condemn, scold, rebuke, reproach, censure, chide, reprove, upbraid, impeach

36. achieve, acquire, obtain, gain, get, attain, earn, derive, secure, win, procure

37. achieve, attain, arrive, reach, gain, get, come to

38. acknowledge, admit, concede, confess, own, recognise, recognize, allow, grant

39. acquaintance, friend, intimate, familiar, confidant, confidante

40. act, action, behave, behavio(u)r, conduct, deed, manner, activity, style

41. actor, actress, performer, player, cast

42. actual, authentic, genuine, positive, practical, real, true, virtual

43. acute, keen, sharp

44. acute, urgent, imperative, critical, crucial, pressing, emergency

45. add, increase, gain, augment, multiply, broaden, widen, lengthen, enlarge

46. add, plus

47. additional, extra, supplementary

48. address, deliver, discourse, lecture, speak, talk, speech, declaim, orate

49. address, greet, hail, salute, welcome

50. adhere, glue, stick, cling, cohere

51. adopt, foster

52. adorn, decorate, ornament, embellish, bedeck, garnish

53. adult, grown-up, mature, ripe, mellow

54. advance, forward, further, promote, expedite

55. advance, move on, proceed, progress, march

56. advanced, progressive, radical

57. advantage, benefit, profit, interest

58. adventure, venture, risk, hazard, chance

59. adverse, contrary, opposite, reverse, contradictory, converse, inverse

60. advice, proposal, proposition, recommendation, suggestion

61. advise, counsel, propose, recommend, suggest

62. advise, persuade, convince, counsel, recommend, urge, induce, coax

63. affair, business, concern, matter, thing

64. affect, effect

65. affect, influence, impress, impact, leverage

66. affection, emotion, feeling, passion, sentiment, sentimentality

67. affirm, allege, assert, claim, declare

68. afraid, fearful, dreadful, frightful, awful, awesome, horrible, horrid, horrific, terrible, terrific, frightened, frightening

69. after, behind

70. afterward(s), later

71. age, epoch, era, period, times, day, date

72. aged, elderly, old

73. ago, before

74. agony, anguish, misery, torment, torture, distress, grief, grieve, mourn, sadden, sadness, sorrow

75. agree, approve, consent, grant, subscribe, be for, accede, assent, concur

76. aid, assist, help

77. air, atmosphere, gas

78. alike, like, parallel, similar, same, identical, equal, comparable

79. alive, live, living

80. all, whole

81. alleviate, ease, lessen, lighten, relieve, abate, allay, assuage, mitigate, soothe, subside

82. allocate, assign, distribute, divide, allot, apportion

83. allow, permit

84. almost, nearly

85. alone, lonely, lone, lonesome, solitary, desolate, forlorn

86. aloud, loud, loudly

87. already, yet

88. also, as well, too, either

89. although, though

90. altogether, all together

91. always, forever, usually, often, frequently, repeatedly, sometimes, occasionally, seldom, hardly, rarely, never

92. among, between

93. amount, number

94. amplify, enlarge, expand, magnify

95. analogy, likeness, resemblance, similarity

96. ancient, antique, antiquity

97. anger, indignation, fury, rage, outrage, wrath

98. angle, corner, horn

99. animal, beast, creature, brute

100. announce, declare, proclaim, pronounce, publish

101. annoy, bother, disturb, interfere, interrupt, irritate, trouble

102. another, other

103. answer, reply, respond

104. anxiety, care, concern, worry

105. anxious, eager, keen, hungry, thirsty, longing, yearning

106. any, some

107. anyhow, anyway

108. anyone, any one

109. apparent, clear, distinct, evident, manifest, obvious, plain, noticeable, visible

110. appear, arise, emerge, loom, pop, come out

111. appear, look, seem

112. appoint, designate, name, nominate

113. appreciate, enjoy

114. appropriate, fit, fitting, proper, suitable

115. area, district, region, section, zone, belt, quarter, part, ward, neighbo(u)rhood, locality

116. argue, dispute, debate, quarrel, row, reason, squabble

117. arise, rise

118. arms, weapon, armament, weaponry

119. army, troops, force, military

120. article, composition, theme, essay, prose, paper, editorial, thesis, dissertation

121. artificial, synthetic, man-made, fake, false, sham

122. as, like, alike

123. as good as, as well as

124. ashamed, shameful, shameless

125. ask, question, inquire, examine, interrogate, query, demand

126. asleep, sleep, sleeping, sleepy

127. aspire, desire, dying, hunger, long, pine, starve, thirst, yearn, pant, crave

128. associate, colleague, companion, company, fellow, mate, partner, comrade

129. association, society, club, league, union, alliance, federation, fellowship, community

130. assure, ensure, insure, guarantee

131. at, in, on

132. attach, band, bandage, bind, bunch, bundle, chain, fasten, hitch, rope, secure, strap, tape, tie, wrap

133. attempt, try, endeavo(u)r

134. attend, join, participate, take part in, be[go] in for, enter

135. attract, draw, appeal, charm, tempt, lure, allure, entice

136. audience, spectator, listeners, viewers

137. author, writer

138. avenge, revenge, retaliate

139. avenue, street, road, lane, way, expressway, freeway, motorway, highway, highroad, pavement, sidewalk, pedestrian crossing, zebra crossing, pedestrian crosswalk, alley, drive, driveway, parkway, path, footpath, footway, pathway, trace, track, trail, route, course, line

140. avoid, dodge, escape, flee, run away, miss, duck, elude, evade, shun

141. await, wait

142. award, reward, prize, bonus

143. awkward, clumsy, ungainly

144. baby, child, boy, girl, infant, kid, lad, lass, babe, toddler

145. bachelor, master, doctor

146. bad, ill, evil, wicked

147. baffle, bewilder, confuse, embarrass, puzzle, perplex, confound, disconcert, mystify

148. bake, roast, toast, grill, broil, barbecue

149. balance, equilibrate, equilibrium, poise

150. bald, bare, barren, naked, nude, stark

151. ban, forbid, prohibit

152. bank, beach, coast, shore, seaside

153. banner, flag, standard, pennant

154. bar, barricade, barrier, block, roadblock, handicap, hindrance, hurdle, impediment, obstacle, obstruction

155. bar, barricade, block, roadblock, deter, forestall, hamper, handicap, hinder, impede, inhibit, interfere, interrupt, obstruct, prevent, stop, keep, hold

156. barbarous, bloody, brutal, cruel, ferocious, fierce, inhuman, merciless, pitiless, ruthless, savage, vicious

157. base, basis, foundation

158. basic, elemental, elementary, essential, fundamental, primary, rudimentary

159. bath, bathe

160. bay, bight, cove, creek, fiord, fjord, gulf, inlet

161 be about to do, be going to (do)

162. beam, blaze, glare, glow, ray, shine, light, lighten, illuminate, kindle

163. bear, bore, born, borne, birth

164. beat, defeat, win, victory, conquer, overcome, prevail, triumph, vanquish

165. beautiful, pretty, handsome, good-looking

166. because, as, since, for

167. because of, due to, owing to, on account of, thanks to

168. beckon, gesture, motion, sign, signal

169. begin, start

170. believe, trust

171. beloved, favo(u)rite, popular

172. below, under, beneath, underneath

173. beside, besides

174. besides, apart from, aside from, else than, other than

175. besiege, encircle, enclose, envelop, fence, picket, surround

176. better, improve

177. big, large, great

178. bite, gnaw, nibble, chew, peck, lick, devour, swallow

179. bite, gnaw, snap, savage, nibble, peck, sting

180. blank, margin, empty, bare, hollow, vacant, free, void, vacuum

181. blast, blow, burst, explode, dynamite, erupt

182. blemish, flaw, defect, shortcoming, weakness, fault

183. blend, compound, mixture, composite, alloy

184. blend, mix, combine, mingle, merge

185. blink, flare, flash, flicker, glance, gleam, glimmer, glint, glisten, glitter, shimmer, spark, sparkle, twinkle, wink

186. blink, wink, twinkle

187. blush, flush, glow, crimson, redden

188. board, commission, committee, council, jury

189. boat, canoe, craft, dinghy, ferry, raft, yacht, sail, ship, liner, cruiser, vessel, tanker, barge, tug, steamer, sub

190. bold, brave, courage, dare, heroic

191. border, boundary, frontier, barrier, division, limit

192. border, brim, rim, brink, edge, fringe, margin, verge

193. borrow, lend, loan, use

194. both, either, neither

195. bowl, cup, glass, plate, saucer, dish, dishes, spoon, chopsticks, knife, fork

196. branch, bough, limb, twig, spray, shoot

197. brand, make, trademark, label, tag

198. break, burst, chip, crack, crash, crush, fracture, grind, shatter, smash, snap, splinter, split

199. breed, foster, raise, rear, bring up

200. brief, short

201. bring, take, fetch, get

202. broad, wide

203. burden, load

204. business, commerce, trade, bargain, deal, traffic

205. businessman, dealer, merchant, trader, tradesman, retailer, wholesaler

206. button, knob, switch, control, dial, wheel

207. buy, purchase

208. calculate, compute, count, figure, number, reckon, work out

209. calm, quiet, silent, still, placid, restful, serene, tranquil

210. campaign, crusade, drive, movement, motion

211. can, could, be able to

212. can, could, may, might

213. can, could, may, might, must

214. cane, staff, stick

215. cap, hat

216. careful, cautious, discreet, guarded, prudent, prudential, alert, vigilant, wary, watchful

217. carry, bear, hump, tote, haul, lug, cart, run, raft, fly, ship, convey, deliver, ferry, shuttle, hurry, transport

218. case, circumstance, condition, situation, state, status

219. catastrophe, calamity, disaster, plague, tragedy

220. catch, clutch, grasp, grip, seize, capture, clasp, grab, snatch, arrest, trap

221. cause, reason

222. caution, warn, forewarn, admonish

223. celebrate, congratulate, compliment

224. centre, core, focus, heart, hub, nucleus, middle

225. certain, sure

226. chance, occasion, opportunity, break

227. change, alter, convert, vary, transform, turn, adapt, modify, adjust, accommodate

228. channel, strait

229. character, individuality, personality, nature

230. charter, hire, lease, let, rent, tenant

231. chase, catch, pursue, hunt, be[run, go, get, seek] after

232. check, examine, inspect, test, verify, go over, go through, look over, look through

233. chief, main, major, primary, prime, principal, capital, central, key, leading

234. choice, pick, alternative, option, election, selection, vote, preference

235. choose, pick, select, prefer, elect, vote, opt

236. circle, circuit, encircle, orbit, revolve, rotate, swivel, wheel, crank, pivot, spin, whirl, twirl, twist, swirl, turn, roll, round

237. cite, quote

238. class, course, lesson

239. clay, earth, ground, mud, soil, land

240. clever, wise, smart, bright, brilliant, gifted, ingenious, intellectual, intelligent, sagacious, shrewd, apt, cute

241. climate, weather

242. climb, crawl, creep, ascend, mount, scale, scramble

243. close, conclude, end, finish, terminate

244. close, shut

245. clothe, dress, wear, put on, have on, be in

246. clothes, clothing, coat, dress, suit

247. coarse, crude, rude, rough, harsh, vulgar

248. cold, bleak, chill, chilly, cool, warm, warmth, heat, hot

249. column, file, queue, rank, row, line, range, procession

250. come, go

251. comfort, console, relieve, solace, soothe, appease, placate, pacify

252. comfort, ease

253. command, direct, instruct, order, bid, dictate

254. common, general, universal, normal, ordinary, usual, average, commonplace

255. compare, contrast

256. compel, constrain, enforce, force, impel, impose, oblige

257. complex, complicated, intricate, involved

258. component, constituent, element, ingredient

259. compose, comprise, consist of, constitute, form, make

260. comprehensible, comprehensive

261. concentrate, focus

262. concept, conception, notion, idea, outlook, opinion, thinking, thought, judgement, view, viewpoint

263. concern, concerned, concerning

264. conduct, direct, guide, lead, navigate, pilot, steer, usher

265. confine, limit, restrict

266. connect, join, joint, link, combine, couple, associate, unite, unify

267. consequence, effect, result, outcome, upshot, finding, fruit

268. consequence, importance, significance, value, magnitude

269. consign, despatch, dispatch, express, forward, freight, mail, email, post, send

270. conspire, plot, scheme

271. contain, include, involve, comprise, cover, embrace

272. content, fulfil(l), gratify, meet, please, satisfy

273. continual, continuous, consecutive, successive, constant, persistent, perpetual straight, ceaseless, incessant, nonstop, uninterrupted

274. continually, continuously

275. continuance, continuation, continuity

276. continue, carry, go on, move on, proceed, resume, persist, endure, hold, keep, last

277. continue, keep, lie, remain, rest, sit, stand, stay, hold, last

278. contribute, dedicate, devote, donate

279. cook, cooker

280. cope, deal, dispose, handle, manage, treat

281. cordial, earnest, genuine, hearty, sincere

282. corridor, passage, aisle, hall, porch, veranda(h), gallery, catwalk, walkway

283. cost, expend, spend, take

284. costly, dear, expensive

285. country, countryside, village

286. country, nation, state

287. couple, pair

288. crazy, frantic, insane, mad, nuts

289. create, invent, discover, find

290. crime, evil, guilt, offence, offense, sin, vice, violation, misdeed, wrongdoing

291. criminal, evil, guilty, sinful, wicked

292. crop, harvest, reap, yield

293. cross, across, over

294. crowd, throng, squash, lot, mob, rabble, horde, band, parcel, gang, drove, flock, herd, pack, school, shoal, swarm, company, party, group, colony, multitude, cloud, host, troop, cluster, crop, crush, wave

295. cry, wail, blubber, bawl, howl, weep, snivel, sob, whimper, whine, tear

296. cure, heal, mend, remedy, treat, doctor, medicate

297. custom, habit, manner, convention, practice, tradition, use, usage, way

298. customary, accustomed, conventional, habitual, traditional, usual, used

299. customer, client, patron, guest, passenger, consumer, buyer, purchaser, shopper

300. damage, harm, hurt, impair, injure, wound, disable, cripple, paralys[z]e, mar, spoil, bruise, burn, cut, scratch, maim, pull, tear, strain, sprain, twist, wrench

301. damp, dank, humid, moist, muggy, wet

302. danger, hazard, peril, risk

303. dangerous, hazardous, perilous, precarious, risky, unsafe

304. dark, black, dim, dusky, gloomy, obscure

305. deceive, cheat, trick, defraud, swindle, fool, con, fleece, impose

306. decide, determine, resolve, settle, make up one’s mind

307. decline, decrease, diminish, dwindle, lessen, reduce

308. decline, descend, fall, drip, drop, sink, subside, degrade, fail

309. deep, deeply

310. deep, profound

311. defend, guard, preserve, protect, safeguard, ensure, secure, shield

312. defer, delay, postpone, prolong, protract, put off, retard, suspend

313. delicate, faint, feeble, fragile, frail, impotent, infirm, limp, soft, weak

314. depend, rely, bank, count, reckon, rest, trust

315. deprive, dispossess, divest, rob, strip

316. deride, gibe, jibe, jeer, laugh at, mock, rag, ridicule, scoff, scorn, sneer, taunt, tease

317. desirable, desirous

318. desk, table

319. despite, in spite of, notwithstanding, for all, with all

320. destroy, damage, demolish, devastate, raze, ruin, wreck

321. die, death, dead, deadly, deathly, dying

322. die, drown, execute, hang, kill, poison, strangle, starve

323. die, expire, pass, perish, decease

324. differ, disagree, disapprove, dissent, divide, object, oppose

325. different, various, diverse, distinct, distinctive

326. differentiate, discriminate, distinguish, tell

327. difficult, hard

328. digit, figure, number, numeral

329. disability, inability

330. disable, enable, unable

331. disappear, fade, vanish, merge, lift, swallow

332. disclose, expose, reveal, uncover

333. disease, illness, sickness, complaint, disorder, trouble, ailment, malady, malaise

334. dispatch, hasten, hurry, rush

335. dispel, disperse, dissipate, scatter

336. display, exhibit, expose, show

337. disposition, temper, temperament

338. distant, far, remote

339. divide, divorce, part, insulate, isolate, segregate, separate

340. do, make

341. doctor, physician, surgeon, dentist, psychiatrist, resident, practitioner, GP

342. door, gate, exit, gateway

343. doubt, suspect, question, distrust, mistrust

344. drag, draw, haul, jerk, lug, pull, stretch, tow, tug, trail

345. dread, fear, fright, horror, panic, scare, startle, terror, alarm

346. drift, float

347. drill, exercise, practice, train

348. drink, have, gulp, lick, sip, slurp, suck, swallow

349. drive, ride, fly, sail, motor

350. duty, obligation, responsibility, liability

351. each, every

352. each other, one another

353. earnest, grave, serious, sober, solemn

354. eat, dine, have, take, help yourself

355. economic, economical, economically, economics, economy, financial, financially, finance, fiscal

356. educate, instruct, teach, school, train, coach, tutor

357. effective, effectual, efficacious, efficient

358. effort, endeavo(u)r, exert, pains, struggle, strain, strive, take … trouble

359. elder, eldest; older, oldest

360. electric, electrical, electronic

361. elegant, graceful

362. elongate, extend, lengthen, stretch, prolong, protract

363. else, other

364. embrace, hug, clasp, cradle, press, squeeze, cuddle, clinch

365. emphasis[z]e, stress, underline, underscore, accent, accentuate, highlight

366. employ, engage, hire

367. encounter, meet

enough, sufficient, adequate, 368. ample, plentiful

369. environment, surroundings, circumstance, conditions

370. especially, particularly, specially

371. esteem, hono(u)r, regard, respect, revere, reverence, adore, worship, admire, homage

372. event, accident, incident, occurrence, casualty, mishap, happening

373. eventual, eventually; final, finale, finally; last, lastly, at last; ultimate, ultimately; at length, in the end

374. everybody, everyone, every one

375. examination, quiz, test, final, oral, makeup

376. example, instance, case, illustration

377. example, model, pattern

378. exceed, excel, surpass, transcend, outdo, outstrip

379. except, but, excluding, bar, beyond, outside, save, unless, short of, next to, no counting, otherwise

380. excuse, forgive, pardon, overlook

381. exhausted, exhausting, exhaustive

382. exist, live, survive

383. expand, swell, dilate, distend, inflate

384. expert, specialist, authority, guru, pundit

385. extend, spread, stretch

386. exterior, external, outer, outside, outward

387. fade, wilt, wither

388. fair, fairly

389. fairly, quite, rather, pretty, very

390. fame, glory, hono(u)r, name, prestige, renown, reputation, repute, stature

391. family, home, house, household

392. farther, further; farthest, furthest

393. fast, quick, rapid, swift, prompt, speedy, express, hasty

394. fee, charge, cost, expense, fare, freight, toll, tip, expenditure

395. few, a few, little, a little

396. fighter, soldier, warrior

397. film, movie, picture, cinema

398. find, look, search, seek, hunt, comb, rake, rummage

399. fine, good, nice, well

400. fire, burn, blaze, flame, flare, light, ignite, kindle

401. fit, suit, match

402. fittings, fixture, furniture

403. flesh, meat

404. flower, bloom, blossom

405. fluid, liquid, gas, solid

406. fog, mist, haze, smog

407. follow, trace, track, trail, tail, shadow, stalk

408. foolish, silly, stupid, dull, fatuous

409. force, power, strength, energy, might, vigour

410. forceful, forcible

411. forecast, foresee, foresight, foretell, forewarn, predict, prophecy, prophesy

412. foregoing, former, preceding, previous, prior

413. forest, jungle, bushes, shrubbery, wood(s), grove

414. forget, leave

415. form, shape, figure, outline, profile

416. game, match, race, quiz, final, rival, compete, contend, contest, dispute, scramble

417. gift, present

418. give, accord, award, confer, grant, present, entitle, bestow, vouchsafe

419. glad, happy, pleasant, nice, cheerful, agreeable, delightful, jolly, joyful, joyous, merry, gay

420. good-bye, bye, bye-bye, so long, farewell

421. grand, magnificent, splendid, superb, glorious, gorgeous, spectacular, imposing, majestic, sublime

422. grow, plant, cultivate, crop, seed, sow

423. happen, occur, chance, break out, take place, befall

424. harbo(u)r, port, seaport, dock, pier, jetty, quay, wharf

425. hard, harsh, rigid, rigorous, severe, stern, strict

426. hardly, scarcely, barely

427. heading, headline, title, theme, subject, topic

428. heap, pile, stack, mass, bank

429. hear, listen

430. height, altitude, elevation, stature

431. hide, conceal, bury, cache, cloak, cover, disguise, harbo(u)r, mask, screen, shelter, suppress, veil

432. high, tall, lofty

433. hint, imply, indicate, intimate, suggest, allude, insinuate

434. holiday, vacation, leave, festival, furlough

435. hope, want, wish

436. hunger, hungry, starve, starvation, famine, famish

437. identify, recognise, recognize, make out, pick out, place, know, spot, tell

438. idle, lazy, indolent

439. ill, sick

440. imaginable, imaginary, imaginative

441. important, significant, vital, momentous

442. in addition to, as well as, on top of, over and above, among other things, more than, along with

443. income, pay, salary, wage

444. individual, personal, private, intimate, privy

445. information, info, intelligence, message, news, tidings, word

446. insist, persevere, persist, adhere, cling, assert, stay, maintain, hang, hold, keep, stick, endure

447. intend, mean, plan, be going to, be thinking of

448. invaluable, priceless, precious, valuable, valued

449. investigate, enquire, inquire, probe, survey

450. jest, joke, banter, kid, tease, quip

451. job, task, duty, chore, labour, toil, work

452. jump, leap, bound, bounce, hop, skip, spring, clear, gambol, hurdle, vault

453. kind, sort, type, category, class, classification, breed, species, variety

454. lack, absent, absence, deficient, deficiency, scarce, scarcity, short, shortage, want, need

455. landscape, outlook, panorama, perspective, prospect, scene, scenery, sight, spectacle, view

456. late, later, latter, latest, last, lately, latterly, lastly

457. lately, recently, not long ago, soon

458. laugh, chortle, guffaw, roar, mirth, chuckle, giggle, simper, smirk, snicker, snigger, titter, grin, beam, smile

459. lawsuit, suit, proceed, action, case, cause, litigate, sue, prosecute, indict, appeal

460. lay, lie

461. lay, place, put, set

462. learn, study

463. lie, falsehood, fib, story

464. lift, raise, elevate, hoist, heave

465. list, schedule, timetable, table, form

466. little, small

467. locality, location, place, position, site, situation, spot, scene

468. look, see, watch

469. love, lover, lovely, loving, lovable

470. luck, chance, break, lot, fortune, fate, destiny, doom

471. machine, machinery

472. many, a (large[good, great]) number of, a (great, large) multitude (of), a good few (of)

473. map, atlas, chart, plot, design, blueprint, draft, sketch, plan, diagram, graph, illustration, figure, artwork

474. mark, tick, check, sign, symbol, character, brand

475. material, matter, substance, stuff

476. medicine, drug, specific, remedy, cure

477. meeting, conference, convention, assembly, rally, congress, council, session, summit, gathering, caucus

478. memoris[z]e, recall, recollect, remember, remind

479. mend, patch, repair, fix

480. method, means, way, manner, approach, process, mode, system, fashion

481. mighty, powerful

482. migrate, migrant, migration; emigrate, emigrant, emigration; immigrate, immigrant, immigration

483. mission, task, assignment

484. mistake, blunder, fault, error, slip, wrong

485. moment, instant, minute, second, flash

486. more, most, a lot (of), a large[good, great, huge, vast] quantity (of), plenty (of), a (great, huge) mass of

487. move, remove, shift, transfer

488. much, a large[great, huge] amount of, a good[great] deal (of), a fair[good, nice] bit (of)

489. much, very

490. name, title

491. neighbo(u)rhood, vicinity, proximity

492. nervous, tense, stressful

493. no, not

494. object, objective, purpose, aim, end, goal, target

495. offer, proffer, provide, supply, afford, accommodate, equip, furnish, tender, volunteer

496. only, sole, single, unique

497. origin, root, source, spring, beginning, birth, cause

498. ought to, should

499. pain, ache

500. pass, past

501. peak, summit, top, climax, zenith

502. percent, per cent, percentage

503. phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

504. picture, painting, drawing, outline, sketch, portrait, landscape, caricature, cartoon

505. plan, design, blueprint, program(me), project

506. poem, poetry, verse, stanza, epic, lyric, doggerel, jingle

507. possible, likely, probable

508. possibly, perhaps, maybe, likely, probably

509. press, compress, depress, express, impress, oppress, repress, suppress

510. price, charge, cost

511. problem, question

512. proportion, rate, ratio, scale

513. quality, quantity, mass, weight

514. quiver, shiver, tremble, thrill, vibrate, shake, shudder, convulse, quake, quaver, tremor

515. rare, scarce, at a premium

516. react, reaction; respond, response

517. refuse, reject, decline, deny, repel, repulse, rebuff

518. relate, relation, relationship, relative, relativity

519. rescue, save, deliver, redeem

520. respectable, respected, respectful

521. respecting, respective

522. responsible, responsive

523. school, university, college, academy, institute

524. seat, sit

525. sensible, sensitive

526. shall, should, will, would

527. shout, bawl, cry, call, exclaim, holler, yell, scream, shriek, screech, squall, squeal, squeak, wail, bark, bay, growl, howl, snarl, whine, yap, yelp, yip, bellow, roar, thunder

528. slow, slowly

529. smell, taste, odo(u)r, fragrance, perfume, scent, incense, stink, whiff, aroma, flavo(u)r, savo(u)r, tang

530. some time, some times, sometime, sometimes

531. sound, noise, voice

532. soundless, noiseless, voiceless

533. speed, velocity, rate, pace, tempo, gallop

534. stop, cease, halt, pause, quit

535. storm, tempest, hurricane, typhoon, gale, cyclone, tornado, waterspout, twister, whirlwind, blizzard

536. story, legend, tale, romance, narrative, narration, anecdote, fable, folklore, myth, fiction, novel, saga

537. surprise, wonder

538. symbol, attribute, badge, token, emblem

539. technical, technological

540. technique, technology

541. thank, appreciate, oblige

542. thin, lean, slender, slight, slim, spare, lanky, gaunt, scrawny, bony, skinny

543. think, believe, consider, count, deem, reckon, regard

544. throw, cast, heave, fling, hurl, pitch, toss

545. till, until

546. tired, tiring, tiresome

547. tired, weary, fatigued, exhausted

548. traffic, transport, transportation, conveyance, vehicle

549. transmit, carry, convey, conduct

550. travel, journey, tour, trip, voyage, cruise, excursion, jaunt, junket

551. used to, would; be used to, be accustomed to

552. valuable, invaluable; precious, priceless

553. value, worth

554. variable, varied, various, variance, variant, variation, variety

555. visit, call, drop, see, look, come, stop

556. wake, waken, awake, awaken, arouse, rouse

557. walk, pace, step, stride, stroll, strut, plod

558. war, campaign, battle, combat, conflict, fight, warfare

559. -ward, -wards

560. worth, worthwhile, worthy, deserve, merit

深耕不辍，创作经典，奉献精彩，心血共勉！

3分钟带你快速入门Facebook家的Fresco

概述

屏幕快照 2019-06-30 17.00.20

随着摄影技术的不断发展和普及，我们的应用程序大多数都具有显示图片这样的需求，在Android移动设备上，由于平台计算能力的差异、设备硬件的差异，我们很难将图片在不同的设备上完美地显示，经常出现的情况是一份展示图片的代码在高性能手机上运行很流畅，但是部署到硬件稍微差劲一点的设备上就会出现卡顿、占用内存比例过大、甚至应用崩溃的现象。所以我们最好能寻求一种框架，可以帮我们处理不同计算能力平台上的差异性，对图片的显示进行内存等方面的优化，使我们的应用可以在不同的设备上完美地显示图片，Fresco就是这样一个强大的图片加载组件，它是Facebook开发及开源的一个框架，通过Fresco，你不需要关心图片的加载和显示这些琐碎的事情，只需要告诉它要以何种方式显示图片即可，剩下的事情都交给它，真正体现了代码重用、避免重复造轮子的原则。

本文将带大家逐步入门Fresco的使用和基本特性，带大家体会使用Fresco的优点，本文不涉及过多Fresco源码部分及底层原理部分的内容，宗旨是先带大家入门，后面我会陆续推出关于Frecsco源码分析的文章，力争带大家深入Fresco的底层原理。

Fresco初步尝鲜

本节带大家一步一步通过Fresco显示一张网络图片，最终效果是这样的：

即在我们的手机上通过Fresco显示一张小熊熊的照片。

引入Fresco

Fresco官方github地址：https://github/facebook/fresco

使用所有开源库的第一步一定是引入相关依赖，将下面这行代码加入到Android项目的build.gradle（app）文件中即可：

implementation 'com.facebook.fresco:fresco:2.0.0'

上面的是Fresco的基本依赖，Fresco还提供了其他的一些高级功能，比如展示Gif之类的，为了控制库的大小，Fresco将这些子功能分开到其他子库中，大家按需添加即可：

dependencies { // 在 API < 14 上的机器支持 WebP 时，需要添加 compile 'com.facebook.fresco:animated-base-support:2.0.0' // 如果要显示 GIF 动图，需要添加 compile 'com.facebook.fresco:animated-gif:2.0.0' // 支持显示 WebP （静态图+动图） compile 'com.facebook.fresco:animated-webp:2.0.0' compile 'com.facebook.fresco:webpsupport:2.0.0' // 仅支持显示 WebP 静态图 compile 'com.facebook.fresco:webpsupport:2.0.0'}

使用Fresco

在使用Fresco之前，我们需要在我们的应用中初始化Fresco，初始化的代码为：

Frescoitialize(this);

那么这行代码应该写在我们应用的什么位置？Fresco官方的说法是，Fresco的初始化工作在整个应用的生命周期只需要初始化一次，多次初始化没有任何意义，联想一下，什么地方的代码在整个应用的生命周期只会执行一次？答案是应用Application的onCreate（）方法啊，所以我们新建一个Application并初始化Fresco：

package edu.nuaa.aiexception.learnopensource;import android.Application;import com.facebook.drawee.backends.pipeline.Fresco;/** * @author dmrfcoder * @date 2019-06-30 */public class MyApplication extends Application { @Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); Frescoitialize(this); }}

不要忘记在项目的Manifest文件中指定Application：

<application android:name=\".MyApplication\" ... />

至此，Fresco已经初始化好了。

我们需要从网络加载图片，所以必须要在Manifest文件中为应用加上网络请求的权限：

<uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.INTERNET\"/>

然后我们需要在界面上放置一个Fresco的控件，因为我们仅仅是想简单下载一张网络图片，在下载完成之前，显示一张占位图，可以使用最简单的 SimpleDraweeView：

<com.facebook.drawee.view.SimpleDraweeView android:id=\"@+id/fresco_view\" android:layout_width=\"130dp\" android:layout_height=\"130dp\" android:layout_centerHorizontal=\"true\" app:placeholderImage=\"@mipmap/ic_launcher\" />

然后我们就可以在Java代码中为SimpleDraweeView设置图像了：

public void loadPicFromNet() { Uri uri = Uri.parse(\"/d/file/gt/2023-09/hif5u4apqo2.html imageView.setImageURI(uri);}

然后直接运行代码，这里笔者运行的时候遇到了如下报错：

javang.NoClassDefFoundError: Failed resolution of: Landroidx/core/util/Pools$SynchronizedPool;

解决方案是在你项目的gradleperties文件中加入如下两行即可：

android.enableJetifier = trueandroideAndroidX=true

希望可以帮大家避坑。

然后运行代码，最终效果如下：

可以看到，在图片从网络上下载下来之前，会展示我们设置的占位图，当图片下载完成之后，Fresco才会将下载下来的图片显示到屏幕上，这样用户体验会更好。

总结一下，在上例中，Fresco替我们完成的事情有：

剩下的，Fresco会替你完成:

显示占位图直到加载完成；下载图片；缓存图片；图片不再显示时，从内存中移除；…

可以看到，通过Fresco的使用，我们不再需要关心图片的下载、缓存、清除等一系列事件，只需要关注图片的显示即可，将我们的意图描述给Fresco，剩下的事情都由它来完成，是不是很方便啊~

Fresco中的几个关键概念

Drawees

Drawees的作用是在图片加载完成前显示占位图，加载成功后自动替换为目标图片。当图片不再显示在屏幕上时，它会及时地释放内存和空间占用。

Drawees由三个元素组成，有点像MVC模式，分别是：

DraweeView

继承于 View, 负责图片的显示。

一般情况下，使用 SimpleDraweeView 即可。 你可以在 XML 或者在 Java代码中使用它，通过 setImageUri 给它设置一个 URI 来使用，上面的实例就是借助SimpleDraweeView来实现的网络图片显示。

我们可以设置DraweeView的XML属性来达到各式各样的效果，这一点我会在下面详细讲解。

DraweeHierarchy

DraweeHierarchy 用于组织和维护最终绘制和呈现的Drawable对象，相当于MVC中的M。

你可以通过它来在Java代码中自定义图片的展示。

DraweeController

DraweeController 负责和 image loader 交互（ Fresco 中默认为 image pipeline, 当然你也可以指定别的），可以创建一个这个类的实例，来实现对所要显示的图片做更多的控制。

如果你还需要对Uri加载到的图片做一些额外的处理，那么你会需要这个类的。

DraweeControllerBuilder

DraweeControllers 由 DraweeControllerBuilder 采用 Builder 模式创建，创建之后，不可修改。

Listeners

使用 ControllerListener 的一个场景就是设置一个Listener监听图片的下载。

The Image Pipeline

Fresco 的 Image Pipeline 负责图片的获取和管理。图片可以来自远程服务器，本地文件，或者Content Provider，本地资源。压缩后的文件缓存在本地存储中，Bitmap数据缓存在内存中。

在5.0系统以下，Image Pipeline 使用 pinned purgeables 将Bitmap数据避开Java堆内存，存在ashmem中。这要求图片不使用时，要显式地释放内存。

SimpleDraweeView自动处理了这个释放过程，所以没有特殊情况，尽量使用SimpleDraweeView，在特殊的场合，如果有需要，也可以直接控制Image Pipeline。

Fresco都支持哪些类型的URL？

Fresco 支持许多URI格式。

特别注意：Fresco 不支持 相对路径的URI. 所有的 URI 都必须是绝对路径，并且带上该 URI 的 scheme。

如下：

res 示例:

Uri uri = Uri.parse(\"res://包名(实际可以是任何字符串甚至留空)/\" + R.drawable.ic_launcher);

注意，只有图片资源才能使用在Image pipeline中，比如(PNG)。其他资源类型，比如字符串，或者XML Drawable在Image pipeline中没有意义。所以加载的资源不支持这些类型。

像ShapeDrawable这样声明在XML中的drawable可能引起困惑。注意到这毕竟不是图片。如果想把这样的drawable作为图像显示，那么把这个drawable设置为占位图，然后把URI设置为null。

总结

本文我们通过一个实例带大家过了一遍Fresco的基本使用流程，并且对Fresco中的基本概念做了简单介绍，由于Fresco Drawee和Fresco Image PipelineFresco比较重要，且知识点比较繁杂，我会在最近分别就Drawee和 Image PipelineFresco做详细介绍，届时将向大家展示一些Fresco的高级用法，欢迎大家关注。