access和excess用法解析

1. access n.入口，通路；接近/进入的机会；接近/进入权；享用机会，享用权。

The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields.

去那农舍的唯一通路是穿过田野。

The only access to the building was blocked.

大楼唯一的入口被堵住了。

The bathroom gives access to the corridor. 浴室通向走廊。They have gained access to the port. 他们已获得进入那个港口的权利。The only access to the temple is along a muddy path. 只有沿着一条泥泞的小路才能到达那个寺庙。

Students must have access to good resources.

学生必须有机会使用好的资源。

All the rooms have access to the Internet/ Internet access.

所有的房间都可以接入互联网。

You need a password to get access to the computer system.

使用这个计算机系统需要口令。

Journalists were denied access to the President.

记者被挡住，无法见到总统。

They were denied access to the information.

他们试图取得这个情报被拒。

You will be allowed unlimited access to the files.

你可以无限制使用这些档案。

Many divorced fathers only have access to their children at weekends (= they are allowed by law to see them only at weekends) .

很多离婚父亲只有在周末才有权见到自己的孩子。

He was not allowed access to a lawyer.

他未被获准见律师。

vt.

访问，存取(计算机文件);到达;进入

You've illegally accessed and misused confidential security files.

你已经非法访问并盗用了机密的安全文件。

2.excess n.过量，过剩；a.过早的，额外的, 超额的；额外的；附加的；过度的An excess of supply over demand will ruin your business. 供大于求将毁掉你们的企业。Never spend in excess of your income. 花钱切勿超过你的收入。

She said she was sick of her life of excess.

她说她厌倦了自己无节制的生活。

Excess sleep may be a sign of disturbance. 过度睡眠可能是某种失调的征兆。

Are you suffering from an excess of stress in your life?

你生活中的压力太大吗？

We cover costs up to £600 and then you pay the excess.

我们最多支付600英镑的费用，超过的部分由你支付。

Excess food is stored as fat.

多余的食物作为脂肪贮存起来。

Driving with excess alcohol in the blood is a serious offence.

血液里酒精含量过高时驾车是严重的违法行为。

The plane circled the airport to burn up excess fuel.

飞机在机场上空盘旋以耗掉多余的燃料。

After cooking the fish, pour off any excess fat

烹完鱼后，倒掉多余的油。

Excess food is stored as fat.

多余的食物作为脂肪贮存起来。

The major reason for excess weight is excess eating.

体重超标的主要原因是饮食过量。

Poor diet and excess smoking will seriously damage the health of your hair.

不合理饮食和过度吸烟会严重损害头发的健康。

She will have to get rid of the excess weight on her hips.

她得减去臀部多余的脂肪。

reach和arrive在英语中有什么区别？

"Reach"和"Arrive" 都是英语中表示到达某个地点的动词，虽然它们都可以用于描述到达目的地的情况，但在一些细节上有所不同。下面将详细介绍它们之间的区别。

用法

"Reach"是指到达或抵达某个位置或目标，而“Arrive”则更加突出着“到达”的行为，而且语气较正式些。

比如：

"We finally reached the summit of the mountain after a long and difficult climb." （我们经过漫长而艰苦的攀登终于到达了山顶。）"She arrived at the airport just in time and boarded her flight without any issues."（她及时地到达机场，没有任何问题就登上了她的航班。）

着重点

"Reach" 更注重着成功实现目标或渴望，并强调在过程中耗费的精力和毅力。

例如：

He worked hard in school and finally reached his goal of getting into a prestigious university.（他在学校努力用功，最终实现了进入名牌大学的目标。）After years of waiting and saving, they finally reached their financial target of buying a house.（经过数年的等待和积蓄，他们最终实现了购买房屋的财务目标。）

而“Arrive”则更加着重于描绘到达的真实情形、状态和结果。

例如：

When we arrived at the park, we were surprised by how beautiful it was.（当我们到达公园时，我们对它的美感到了惊喜。）After a long and tiring journey, we finally arrived home to rest. （经过漫长而疲劳的旅途后，我们终于回到家休息了。）

时间表达

在时间方面，"Reach"通常会提前强调完成某个目标或到达某个地点所需的时间， 而“Arrive”则倾向于更具体地描述实际到达的时间。

比如：

We need to reach the airport at least two hours before our flight departure time.（我们需要在航班离开前至少提前两小时到达机场。）I am planning to arrive at the party around 6 pm.（我计划晚上6点左右到达派对。）

“Reach” 和 “Arrive” 是非常相似的动词, 它们都可以用来描述抵达某个地方的行为，但在使用中还是有一些细节上的区别。在选择合适的词语以及搭配句子的时候，有意识地理解这两个单词的含义和用法将有助于更加准确。

重要短语积累depart from

depart from背离，违背，抛开，离开，出发;

指采用新的想法或者新的做事方式，偏离常规。或强调从某地正式离开。请看：

I can see that they are not ready to depart from traditional practice.

我想他们不是真的背离传统习惯。

Why is it in this country that we have departed from good educational sense?

为什么在这个国家我们背离了教育上明智的选择？

The actions taken depart from what she called the commonly accepted norms of democracy. 所采取的这些行动背离了她所谓的那些普遍接受的准则。

He had departed from his prepared testimony, which was considered to be neutral.

他抛开了自己准备好的、被认为是中立的证词。

On this occasion we departed from our normal practice of holding the meetings in public.这一次我们一反常规不举行公开会议。

He completely departed from the text and extemporized in a very energetic fashion.

他完全脱稿，慷慨激昂地进行即席演说。

He departed from the text to tell an anecdote.他偏离课文讲起了一则轶事。

Such deviations from burger parity may persist in 2019. Exchange rates can depart from fundamentals owing to monetary policy or changes in investors’ appetite for risk. （《经济学人》2019-01-12）

2019年，这种“汉堡价格差异”的现象可能还会持续下去。在货币政策的影响下，或者一旦投资者对风险的偏好发生了变化，汇率便有可能偏离基本面。

Lipton is planning to depart from the company he founded.

利普顿打算离开他创立的那家公司。

I departed from the forest and brought back this story.

我离开了森林，带回来了这个故事。

He had driven me to a place in the desert where I would depart from his territory. 他开车送我去沙漠里一个地方，从那儿，我将离开他的领地。

Dear friends, as I depart from Sydney I ask God to look down lovingly on this city, this country and all its inhabitants. 亲爱的朋友们，在我离开悉尼之际，我请求上帝眷顾这个城市、这个国家以及这个国家里所有的居民。

The early train departed from the station at 5 o'clock.

早班火车5点钟离站。

The train is departing from the railway station at 6 o'clock.列车将在六点钟离开火车站。

The rescue ship departed from the area as quickly as possible.

救援船尽快离开了那地区。

Flight 43 will depart from Denver at 11:45 a.m. and arrive in Honolulu at 4:12 p.m. 43号航班将于上午11:45从丹佛起飞，并于下午4:12到达檀香山。

Flights for Rome depart from Terminal 3.

飞往罗马的班机从3号航站楼出发。

初中英语一年级下册Unit3 解析-3(中考考点）How do you get to school?

我曾任职英语培训老师，让我们一起学习＆复习初中英语吧，跟我学不迷路。

初中英语一年级下册Unit3 How do you get to school? 接着上一篇继续分享词汇短语和用法（涵盖中考高频考点，给娃收藏回顾复习）。

19、bus stop公共汽车站

stop 车站、停止

（1）[名词]车站（此处用法）

[万柿如意]Is there a bus stop near here？这附近有公共汽车站吗？

（2）[名词]停止

[万柿如意]It is time to put a stop to the war.是结束战的时候了。

辨异同：stop 与station

stop：一般指公共汽车的停靠点或途中乘客上下车的站点。

station：一般指火车、客车等的发车点或终点站。

stop to do sth.停下来去做某事

stop doing sth.停止做某事

[万柿如意]Don't get off the bus before it stops.在公共汽车停下来前别下车。

[万柿如意]—I'm very tired. I want to stop to have a rest.我很累。我想停下来休息一下。

[万柿如意]—OK. Let's stop walking.好的，咱们停止散步吧。

20、think of 认为、想起 中考高频考点

✍what he thinks of the trip？他认为这段旅程怎么样？

✍What do you think of the Monkey King?认为你认为美猴王怎么样？（2022年中考）

✍I can't think of her name.我想不起她的名字。

"What do/does +sb.+ think of...？"意为“某人认为……怎么样？"，用于征询别人的看法或意见,相当于"How do/does + sb. +like/find...？"。

✍—What does Mary think of the book?(= How does Mary like the book?)玛丽觉得这本书怎么样？

—I's boring. 很乏味。

典例：根据汉语句子及所给单词提示完成。

当人们谈到阿炳的时候，就会想起《二泉映月》。

When people talk about Abing, they'll_ _Erquan Yingyue.（think)

答案：think of

21、cross横过、越过

Crossing the River to School过河上学

辨异同：cross,across与 crossing

cross：动词，意为“横过；越过”。

across：介词或副词，意为“横过”。

crossing：名词，意为“十字路口”。

cross =go across

We can't play mobile phones when we cross(=go across)the road.过马路时我们不能玩手机。

Turn right at the second crossing.在第二个十字路口向右转。

cross拓展词义：

（1）[名词]叉字形记号；十字形记号

I've put a cross on the map to show where the hotel is.我已在地图上打叉标出了旅馆的位置。

（2）[形容词]生气的

I'm very cross because he took my pencil box without asking me.我很生气，因为他没有问我就拿走了我的文具盒。

For many students, it is easy to get to school.

对许多学生来说，到学校是容易的。

22、It is +adj. +to do sth.做某事是……的。

中考高频考点

it ：形式主语

to do sth ：真正的主语

it is + adj.+to do sth."结构

It is important to learn English well.学好英语很重要。

It is interesting to play basketball.打篮球很有趣。

"It is + adj. +for sb. to do sth."与"It is +adj. + of sb. to do sth."

It is +adj.+for sb. to do sth.意为”对某人来说，做某事是……的”。形容词是描述事物特征的词，如important（重要的）、easy（容易的）、boring(没趣的)等。

It is +adj.+of sb. to do sth.意为“某人做某事是……的”。形容词是描述人的性格、品质等的词，如clever(聪明的）、kind/nice（善良的）、silly（愚蠢的）等。

It is easy for me to sing the song.唱这首歌对我来说很简单。

It is kind of you to help me do the dishes.你帮我洗碗真是太好了。

（2022中考）It's important for us ( )hard in order to have a better life.

A. work

B. to work

C. working

解析：句意：为了过上更好的生活，对我们来说努力工作是很重要的。"It is +adj.+ for sb.to do sth.“是固定结构，故选B。

There is a very big river between their school and the village.在他们学校和村庄之间有一条很大的河。

23、between...and...在……和……之间（中考高频考点)

此短语连接两个并列的成分。其中between作介词，用于两者之间，也可用于三者或三者以上的两两之间。

There is a school between the hospital and the supermarket.在医院和超市之间有一所学校。

There is a ball between his feet.他的两脚之间有一个球。

She takes the medicine between meals.她在两餐之间服药。

拓展：among[介词]在……中，通常用于三者或三者以上的人或物之间。

The song is very popular among the students.这首歌在学生中很受欢迎。

Among all these cities, I like Kunming best because its average temperature is between 10 ℃ and 25 C all year round. It's never too hot or too cold.在所有这些城市中，我最喜欢昆明，因为它全年平均气温在10℃和25℃之间。天气从来不会太热或太冷。

典例（2022· 名师原创）—Where's themusic club, Jim?

—It's( ) the art club( ) the chess

A. either; or

C. between; and

B. from; to

D. both; and

解析：句意：“吉姆，音乐俱乐部在哪里？””艺术俱乐部和国际象棋俱乐部之间。”A项*为“要么……要么……"；B项意为"从……到……"；C项意为”在……和……之间”；D意为”……和……都”。此处指在两个事物之间，故选C。

24、no 没有

[送自己一朵花]There is no bridge and the river runs too quickly for boats.（河上）没有桥，而且河水流得太急，不宜于小船（摆渡）。

no在此处作限定词，修饰可数名词单数bridge。

no+可数名词单数，相当于not a/an

no+可数名词复数或不可数名词，相当于not any

[送自己一朵花]I have no dictionary at hand.=I don't have a dictionary at hand.我手边没有词典。

[送自己一朵花]I have no footballs. =I don't have any footballs.我没有足球。

[送自己一朵花]There is no water in the glass. = There is not any water in the glass.玻璃杯里没有水。

25、boat 小船

We can get to the other side of the lake by boat.我们可以乘小船到达湖对岸。

与boat相关的短语及表达：

by boat/take the boat 乘小船

go boating去划船

be in the same boat 处于同样的困境

26、11-year-old 11岁的 中考高频考点

One 11-year-old boy, Liangliang,crosses the river every school day.亮亮，一个11岁的男孩，每个上学日过河上学。

11-year-old为复合形容词，在此作前置定语修饰名词boy，注意year应用单数形式，11的发音以元音音素开头，其前若有不定冠词，应用an。

Jane is an 11-year-old girl.简是一个11岁的女孩。

辨异同：...-year-old 与... year(s)old

…-year-old：为复合形容词，其结构为“基数词-名词（单数形式）-形容词”，作定语修饰后面的名词。

...year(s) old：在句中常作表语，year的单复数形式取决于其前的基数词，中间不用连字符。

Tom is an 8-year-old boy.汤姆是一个8岁的男孩。

Tom is 8 years old.汤姆8岁了。

典例—Doyou know Li Ying?

-Yes. She is an ( ) girl from Shanghai.

A. eleven-years-old

B. twelve-year-old

C. eleven-year-old

D. twelve years old

解析：句意：“你认识李英吗？""是的。她是一个来自上海的11岁女孩。”由空前的不定冠词an可先排除B、D两项；复合形容词中间的名词用单数，排除A项。故选C。

27、afraid 害怕、畏惧

[点亮平安灯]But he is not afraid because he loves school.但他并不害怕，因为他喜欢上学。

afraid作形容词，常作表语，其用法如下：

be afraid of sb./sth.害怕某人/某物

be afraid to do sth.害怕/不敢做某事

be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事

be afraid+(that)从句 恐怕……

[点亮平安灯]I'm afraid so/not.恐怕是这样/恐怕不是这样。

[点亮平安灯]Cathy is afraid of the dog.凯西怕狗。

[点亮平安灯]Don't be afraid to ask the teachers for help after class.下课后不要害怕向老师求助。（中考考题)

[点亮平安灯]Jim is no longer afraid of new friends at school now.吉姆现在不再害怕在学校结交新朋友了。（2022中考）

[点亮平安灯]Excuse me, sir. I'm afraid you're sitting in my seat.请原谅，先生。恐怕你坐在我的座位上了。（2022中考）

—Can you go to the movies with me tonight?今晚你可以和我一起去看电影吗？

—I'm afraid not. I have to prepare for my English test.恐怕不行。我得为我的英语测试做准备。

典例 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。

当你说英语的时候不要害怕犯错误。

( ) mistakes when you speak English.

答案：Don't be afraid of

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