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都有“伤害”的意思,hurt 和 injure 却有很大的不同

#英语同义词辨析##英语学习#

在英语中,hurt 和 injure 都有“伤害”的意思,然而在实际用途中,它们的差别很大,错用的话,会引起歧义甚至是语法上的错误。

一、hurt

Hurt 词性很多,可以作动词、形容词或名词,可以指身体上的疼痛(physical pain)或心理的创伤等;身体上的如瘀伤或碰伤等,情感上的如分手或受到辱骂造成的伤害等,例如:

I hurt my back playing football with the children.

我和孩子们踢足球时伤了背。

He was badly hurt in the accident on his way to the company.

在去公司的路上,他在事故中受了重伤。

What really hurt her was that he never kept his promise.

真正让她伤心的是他从来没有信守诺言。

当表示身体哪个部位疼痛时常用身体部位或形式主语 it 作主语,而不是疼痛主体本身,例如:

My left leg hurts when I try to elevate it.

我一试图抬起脚就疼。

二、injure

Injure 只作及物动词,指身体上造成的任何伤害,如撕裂或扭伤等,例如:

The player injured his arm in the game and was no longer play in the English Premier League.

这位球员在比赛中手臂受伤,不再参加英超联赛。

Mountain climbing is considered exciting, but it is easy to injure yourself or cause death sometimes.

登山被认为是令人兴奋的,但有时很容易受伤或导致死亡。

三、两者的区别

1、词性:hurt 可以作及物动词或不及物动词、名词或形容词,而 injure 只能作及物动词,其对应的名词和形容词分别是 injury 和 injured,此时它们也是指身体上的伤害,例如:

They are out of the army because of injury.

他们因受伤而退伍。

After the explosion, the injured people were sent to hospital.

爆炸后,伤者被送往医院。

2、疼痛程度:hurt 可以是轻微到强烈的身体上的疼痛,如鞋子太紧造成的可大可小的疼痛,也可以是情感上的,而 injure 所涉及的是剧烈的疼痛,如扭伤等,因此在表示情感上的“伤害”时只用 hurt,例如:

即使我们吵架了,我也不想伤害他的感情。

正确:I didn't want to hurt his feelings even if we had a quarrel.

错误:I didn't want to injure his feelings even if we had a quarrel.

3、治疗:hurt 可能需要治疗,也可能不需要治疗,而 injury 可以通过治疗治愈,如一个运动员 hurt 的话可以继续比赛,但是 injure 的话,通常就不能继续比赛了。

4、死亡:hurt 不会引起死亡,如别人抓疼你了等,而 injury 可以是致死的,如在事故中因失血过多而身亡。

5、侧重点:hurt 侧重指的是疼痛折磨,而 injure 涉及的是损害或伤害,特别是在事故中;在事故中身体受伤可用 hurt 或 injure,hurt 强调引起的身体疼痛,injure 强调身体部位受到某种程度的损伤。

关注外语行天下,后期会更精彩。

hurt的学习难点及考点

hurt是一个常用和常考的词,它的词性有动词、名词。下面就其常用意思、常考点及难点项进行陈述。

hurt可以用作及物动词,常见意思是“使受伤,弄痛”。比如:Those hurt in the explosion were given $50000 damages.那些在爆炸中受伤的人得到了五万美金的赔偿。

hurt的第二个意思是“伤害……的感情,使精神上痛苦”。比如:It hurts me to see so many mistakes in my examination paper.看到我考试上犯的那么多错误就让我痛心。She would never intentionally hurt anyone.她从来不会故意伤害任何人。

作为及物动词,hurt的第三个意思是“对……有害,对……有不良影响”。比如:Tom was jealous of John's success and managed to hurt his business.汤姆嫉妒约翰的成功,于是千方百计地破坏他的生意。

hurt还可以用作不及物动词,意思是“痛,受痛苦”。比如:My stomach hurts in cold weather.天气冷时我的胃就痛。My shoes hurt--they're too tight.我的鞋子太紧,穿着夹脚。

hurt还可以用作名词,它的意思是“伤害,疼痛”,比如:Go ahead,it would do not hurt to ask the question.去吧,问这个问题不会有伤害。I was full of jealousy and hurt.我内心充满了嫉妒和痛苦

hurt考点:它是一个常考词,需要注意的是hurt是不规则动词,它的过去式和过去,分词与原形相同。常见的错误是:He was hurt at work.在这里应该改为主动形式hurt。

难点1:句型的把握很重要,注意不要受汉语的影响,常见的错误,比如:当我们想表达“鞋子把我的脚弄痛了”时,我们不应该写成:The shoes make my feet hurt,应该改成:The shoes hurt me.

如果说“咳嗽使我非常难受。”,不能写成:The cough makes me hurt awfully.应该改成:It hurts me awfully to cough.

难点2: hurt做名词,意思做“伤害”解释的时候,后边可以接动词不定式或者是介词to的短语结构这也是难点,比如:It was a severe hurt to his feelings.

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