语言是人类文化的载体和重要组成部分,由于中西方文化之间的差异,有些句子如果用英语直译,可能会导致翻译上的偏差,甚至有些词让人无从翻译。我们一起来看几例↓
Cherry blossoms are seen at Donghu Lake Park in Wuhan, Hubei province. [Photo provided to chinadaily]
“吃了么?”
Have you ever eaten?(X)
对方并不是想要问你是否真的吃了没有,而是表达一种关心和问候。在英语文化中一样,以下也是表达一种问候:
How do you do?
How are you doing?(美国人用的多)
How are you?
“辛苦了!”
“你辛苦了”的英文可不是“You're tired”。中文里面说的“你辛苦了”,其实是表达感谢。所以,我们可以直接说↓
例句:
I appreciate your help.
多谢你的帮忙!
如果是不太熟的人帮了你忙时,可以这样说,比较正式一些↓
例句:
I couldn't have done it without you. Thanks!
没有你我肯定搞不定,辛苦了。
Sorry for causing you so much trouble! Thanks!
抱歉给你添麻烦,辛苦了!
如果是上级对下级说的“你辛苦了”,可以用以下方式表达↓
例句:
Good job, guys! We did it!
做得好!我们做到了!辛苦了!
Nice work!
Well done!
干得好!
笔
中文里的“笔”可指代任何笔,而英语中,却要明确的表达:
pen(钢笔);ball-point pen(圆珠笔);ink brush(毛笔);painting brush(画笔);crayon(蜡笔);chalk(粉笔);stylus(智能手机触控笔)
中国各类亲戚
中国的亲戚关系相当庞杂,但称呼却各从其类,分得门儿清,舅舅和叔叔,表哥和堂哥,奶奶和姥姥,舅妈和阿姨,外甥和侄子,孙子和外孙…
相比于中国亲戚亲疏有别,西方文化的亲戚关系不分内外,他们更重视朋友。
西方有句俗语:
God made relatives, and thank God we can choose our friends.
上天决定了谁是你的亲戚,好在我们可以自己选择朋友。
因此以上亲戚都有各自的统称:uncle, brother, grandma, aunt, nephew, grandson...
这样翻译,就无法把中国的内外亲戚很好地区分开来。
“加油~加油~”
“come on! come on! come on!...”(X)
以上翻译代表的是一种期待结果的急切心情,而不是一种鼓励。
go go go~(X)“快快快”或“上上上”
“Hang in there(撑住)”,“Don't give up!(别放弃)”以及“You can do it.(你一定可以的!)”
英语中虽然有以上这些词组表达“加油、鼓励”,但始终缺乏“加油~加油~”的韵律感和仪式感。
韩国发明的“Fighting”,虽然含义接近,但并不是地道的英文。
上火
I am on fire.(X)
就算把内涵翻译出来:“suffer from excessive internal heat(遭受过多内部热量)”,但西方文化中没有“阴阳“、“五行”这些概念,所以老外搞不懂“内火”是什么。
江湖
rivers and lakes(X)
该词最早见于《庄子·大宗师》:“相濡以沫,不如相忘于江湖。”指远离朝廷与统治阶层的民间,在许多中国文学作品中,尤其是武侠中,江湖则是侠客们与草莽英雄们的活动范围。
brotherhood兄弟情谊
underworld地下社会
the lawless world无法无天
以上翻译虽切合了“江湖”的某一方面含义,但都不够全面。
(来源:译世界综编自英语口语小镇及网络公开资源)
来源:译世界
不积跬步无以至千里,不积小流无以成江海!#英语#
今天我们来说说动词 “avoid、avert、prevent” 和 “refrain” 之间的区别。其中,哪个词可以用来表示 “躲避某人”?哪个词可以表示 “阻止他人做某事”?哪个词有 “阻止自己做某事” 的意思?
“Avoid、avert、prevent” 和 “refrain” 似乎都有 “避免” 的意思,请问它们的用法都一样吗?Yes, so to answer Jack's question, 'avoid', 'avert', 'refrain' and 'prevent' have related meanings and uses. They can all be used to talk about 'stopping a bad outcome'. However, there are some differences.
Let's first look at 'avoid'. 'Avoid' means 'miss' or 'stay away from someone or something negative'. It's often used for situations that are in progress, but not always. Let's hear some examples.
ExamplesI crossed the road to avoid talking to Jonathan. We argued last week.(我为了不和乔纳森说话走到了马路的另一边。我们上礼拜吵架了。)
Having an open conversation is a good way to avoid any misunderstandings.(开诚布公地交谈是避免误会的好方法。)
所以,动词 “avoid” 的意思是 “远离、躲避某人或避免坏事”,常用来谈论 “避免一个将要发生的负面事情”,但并不总是如此。那 “avert” 该怎么用呢?
'Avert' is quite formal. It means 'stop something bad from happening'. And it's most commonly used when talking about very serious issues, such as catastrophes and disasters. Here are some examples:
ExamplesThe company tried to raise funds from investors to avert financial collapse.(这家公司试图从投资者那里筹集资金,以避免陷入财务危机。)
People around the world are working together to try to avert a climate disaster.(世界各地的人们都在齐心协力、努力避免气候灾难。)
所以,就如刚刚 Beth 讲到的,在谈论 “避免(灾难)” 等非常严肃的问题时,最常用 “avert”。那么,动词 “prevent” 该怎么用呢?
'Prevent' can be used to talk about stopping both bad and good things happening. It's often used to talk about something before it has started, but not always.
That's interesting. 所以,动词 “prevent” 的意思是 “防止某件事情发生”,可以用来谈论 “防止好事或坏事的发生”。另外,“prevent” 常强调 “预防一件还没有发生的事情”。我们通过两个例句来巩固动词 “prevent” 的用法。
ExamplesMy injury prevented me from going on holiday.(我的伤让我不能去度假。)
It's good to re-use plastic bags to prevent too much waste.(重复使用塑料袋可以防止过多浪费。)
除了表示 “防止、预防某事发生” 以外,动词 “prevent” 还有其它的用法吗?
Yes. 'Prevent' can be used to say 'stop someone from doing something', usually with 'from'. None of the other words are used in this way. For example:
ExamplesYou need to prevent your child from kicking the seat in front of them while in flight.(你得阻止你的孩子在飞机飞行期间乱踢前面的座位。)
His fear of social situations prevented him from going to the party.(他对社交场合的恐惧使他不敢参加这次聚会。)
在上面的例句中,动词 “prevent” 都用来表示 “阻止某人做某事 ”:“prevent someone from doing something”。
除了 “prevent” 以外,动词 “refrain” 也可以用来描述人的动作,对吗?
Yes. But, unlike 'prevent', we don't use it to talk about stopping other people. We use 'refrain' to mean 'stop ourselves from doing something', often to stop a negative outcome. 'Refrain' is also quite formal.
这样看来,“refrain” 的意思是 “克制,避免”,强调 “某人阻止自己做某事 refrain from doing something”,从而 “防止产生负面的结果”。“Refrain” 是一个较正式的词。
ExamplesI refrain from eating a lot of chocolate, so I don't gain weight.(我克制自己不吃很多巧克力,以免长胖。)
Please refrain from speaking too loudly during the film.(请勿在电影放映期间大声说话。)
来总结一下:“avoid、avert、prevent” 可以用来表示 “阻止负面结果的发生”。其中,动词 “avoid” 指 “远离、躲避某人,避免糟糕的情况”。“Avert” 较正式,用来谈论 “避免灾难等非常严肃的问题”。“Prevent” 有 “防止事情发生” 的意思,也可以用在 “prevent someone from doing something” 的结构中,表示 “阻止某人做某事”。动词 “refrain” 的意思是 “克制自己不去做某事”。